Chromosomal anomalies
Summary
Description
This animation is subdivided into two parts. The first part shows anomalies in chromosome number, while the second shows anomalies in chromosome form.
The first part is subdivided into chapters addressing the non-disjunction of autosomes in mitosis and the non-disjunction of autosomes in meiosis.
In order to explain the non-disjunction of autosomes in mitosis, an animation shows the disjunction of autosomes during the anaphase of normal mitosis.... (more)
This animation is subdivided into two parts. The first part shows anomalies in chromosome number, while the second shows anomalies in chromosome form.
The first part is subdivided into chapters addressing the non-disjunction of autosomes in mitosis and the non-disjunction of autosomes in meiosis.
In order to explain the non-disjunction of autosomes in mitosis, an animation shows the disjunction of autosomes during the anaphase of normal mitosis. Mitotic spindle, centrioles, chromosomes (autosomes), chromatids, centromeres, autosomes, as well as X and Y chromosomes are shown. The next sequence presents a non-disjunction of autosomes and defines terms such as ploidy, euploidy, haploidy, diploidy, aneuplody, hyperploidy, hypoploidy, monosomy, trisomy, chromosome formula, and chromosome complement.
The non-disjunction of autosomes in meiosis begins by illustrating normal meiosis during spermatogenesis and the formation of a normal zygote after fertilization. The next sequence presents non-disjunction of an autosome during 1st meiotic division along with the formation of a trisomic zygote after fertilization. The following sequence presents non-disjunction of an autosome during 2nd meiotic division along with the formation of a trisomic zygote. Down's syndrome occurs in the case of non-disjunction of autosome 21.
The non-disjunction of sex chromosomes in meiosis illustrates the appearance of Klinefelter's and Turner's syndrome.
Some anomalies occur as a result of non-disjunction of sex chromosomes during 2nd meiotic division, including the triple X and XYY karyotypes.
Several sequences are dedicated to non-disjunction during oogenesis. Normal meiosis during oogenesis is presented before the abnormalities.
Three cases of non-disjunction of autosomes during 2nd meiotic division are considered: Down's syndrome, Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13), and Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18).
Non-disjunction of sex chromosomes during 2nd meiotic division oogenesis, leading to the Klinfelter's and Turner's syndromes, is also provided.
Other possible chromosomal anomalies (e.g. anaphase lagging, mosaicism, and polyploidy) are also illustrated.
The second part of this animation is dedicated to anomalies in chromosome form.
In addition to illustrating normal division of a chromosome, this sequence shows inversion, translocation, deletion (i.e. ring chromosome, terminal deletion = cri-du-chat-syndrome), unequal cross-over, and isochromosomes.
(This animation is essential for students of medicine; it is also recommended for students of biology, stomatology, genetics, and departments or clinics of pediatrics and pedopsychology.)
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Details
15.3MB in size
1269 pictures
9 chapters
89 legend panels
Version 1.0
Collections
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| Amnion, Aortic arches, Blood and blood vessels, Body cavities, Central nervous system, Chromosomal anomalies, Cleavage, Cloaca, Cycles, Deciduae, Descent of sexual organs, Diaphragm, Digestive system, Ear, Embryology beginning, Embryonic circulation, Endochondral ossification, Endocrine glands, External genitalia, Eye, Face, Fertilization, Fetal circulation, Gametogenesis, Gastrulation, Gonads, Heart, Implantation, Integumentary system, Kidney, Liver, Long bone growth in diameter, Lymphatic system, Membranous ossification, Mesoderm, Myogenesis, Nerve fibres, Notochord, Olfactory, Pancreas, Pericardial reflexions, Pharyngeal arches, Placenta, Prostate, Respiratory system, Secondary ossification, Sex differentiation, Skeleton, Somites, Teeth, Tongue, Twins, Umbilical cord, Urinary bladder, Uterus during pregnancy, Veins | ||
Structure
View the structure of the Chromosomal anomalies animation without thumbnails:
- CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES
Animated scheme - 1) Anomalies in chromosome number,
aneuploidy
Non-disjunction of autosomes in mitosis
Non-disjunction of autosomes in meiosis - Non-disjunction of autosomes in mitosis
- Non-disjunction of autosomes in meiosis
Down's syndrome
- Non-disjunction of sex chromosomes in the 1st meiotic division
Klinefelter's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
- Some anomalies occuring as a result of
non-disjunction of sex chromosomes
in the 2nd meiotic division
Turner's syndrome
Triple X syndrome
47,XYY karyotype
- Non-disjunction in oogenesis
- Other possibilities of numerical chromosomal anomalies
Anaphase lagging
Mosaicism
Polyploidy
Triploidy
Tetraploidy
- 2) Anomalies in chromosome form
Inversion
Translocation
Deletion
Unequal crossing over
Isochromosomes
- THE END
RELATED TOPICS are covered in the following animations:
Central nervous system, External genitalia, Gametogenesis, Gonads, Diaphragm, Digestive system, Eye, Face, Heart, Integumentary system, Notochord, Respiratory system, Skeleton, Teeth, Twins, Urinary bladder, Veins.
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- Amnion
- Aortic arches
- Blood and blood vessels
- Body cavities
- Central nervous system
- Chromosomal anomalies
- Cleavage
- Cloaca
- Cycles
- Deciduae
- Descent of sexual organs
- Diaphragm
- Digestive system
- Ear
- Embryology beginning
- Embryonic circulation
- Endochondral ossification
- Endocrine glands
- External genitalia
- Eye
- Face
- Fertilization
- Fetal circulation
- Gametogenesis
- Gastrulation
- Gonads
- Heart
- Implantation
- Integumentary system
- Kidney
- Liver
- Long bone growth in diameter
- Lymphatic system
- Membranous ossification
- Mesoderm
- Myogenesis
- Nerve fibres
- Notochord
- Olfactory
- Pancreas
- Pericardial reflexions
- Pharyngeal arches
- Placenta
- Prostate
- Respiratory system
- Secondary ossification
- Sex differentiation
- Skeleton
- Somites
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Twins
- Umbilical cord
- Urinary bladder
- Uterus during pregnancy
- Veins