Twins
Summary
Description
This program starts with animations of dizygotic twins. The diagram shows an ovary with two tertiary follicles, each containing a secondary oocyte. An introduction and theoretical considerations are provided.
The next sequence animates the simultaneous ovulation of two secondary oocytes and their fertilization followed by the formation of two zygotes. The segmentation and stages of the morula and blastula are animated along with the formation of blastocysts for two 17-day-old embryos.
Magnification is reduced, and the two embryos are viewed in utero.... (more)
This program starts with animations of dizygotic twins. The diagram shows an ovary with two tertiary follicles, each containing a secondary oocyte. An introduction and theoretical considerations are provided.
The next sequence animates the simultaneous ovulation of two secondary oocytes and their fertilization followed by the formation of two zygotes. The segmentation and stages of the morula and blastula are animated along with the formation of blastocysts for two 17-day-old embryos.
Magnification is reduced, and the two embryos are viewed in utero. The diagram details the structures of the implanted embryos. In the next sequence, the embryos continue to grow. The diagram describes two 5-week-old embryos in the uterine cavity. In the 7th week, each embryo develops its own amnion, chorion, amniochorionic membrane and placenta. The amniochorionic membranes and the placentae may fuse in the 8th week-.
The next series deals with monozygotic twins. First, the splitting of the formative embryonic material at the stage of two blastomeres is animated. Individual implantation of twins is shown as well as the possible fusion of the two placentae and the two amniochorionic membranes.
The next sequences are dedicated to the splitting of the formative embryonic material at the stage of the early embryoblast. The implantation of the twins, each with its own amniotic cavity in a unique chorionic cavity; the separate amniochorionic membranes; and the common chorion frondosum are animated.
The splitting of the formative embryonic material at the stage of the bilaminar germ disc is animated in the next sequence. The development of the common placenta, common amniotic cavity and common amnichorionic membrane is shown.
The next animation summarizes the possibilities for the formation of the twins, with special attention of their sex.
As malformations, vanishing twin and twin transfusion syndrome are fully animated along with conjoined equal or symmetrical (Siamese) twins (pygopagus), which are compared with normal development of monozygotic, monoamniotic, and monochorionic twins. Thoracopagus, craniopagus, janiceps and duplicitas superior are only partially animated. The case of conjoined unequal or asymmetrical twins (pygopagus parasiticus) is animated for a 16-day-old embryo. Other examples of conjoined asymmetrical twins, like thoracopagus parasiticus, craniopagus parasiticus, and epignathus, are not animated.
(This animation is essential for students of medicine, veterinary medicine, and biology as well as for departments of anatomy, histology, embryology and cell biology; it is also recommended for students of stomatology; departments or clinics of pediatrics, pediatric surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and schools for midwives.)
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Details
4MB in size
591 pictures
8 chapters
64 legend panels
Version 1.0
Collections
Download a group of animations and save money! The Twins animation is also available in the following collections:
| All of Embryodynamics (56 animations) | $599.00 | |
| Amnion, Aortic arches, Blood and blood vessels, Body cavities, Central nervous system, Chromosomal anomalies, Cleavage, Cloaca, Cycles, Deciduae, Descent of sexual organs, Diaphragm, Digestive system, Ear, Embryology beginning, Embryonic circulation, Endochondral ossification, Endocrine glands, External genitalia, Eye, Face, Fertilization, Fetal circulation, Gametogenesis, Gastrulation, Gonads, Heart, Implantation, Integumentary system, Kidney, Liver, Long bone growth in diameter, Lymphatic system, Membranous ossification, Mesoderm, Myogenesis, Nerve fibres, Notochord, Olfactory, Pancreas, Pericardial reflexions, Pharyngeal arches, Placenta, Prostate, Respiratory system, Secondary ossification, Sex differentiation, Skeleton, Somites, Teeth, Tongue, Twins, Umbilical cord, Urinary bladder, Uterus during pregnancy, Veins | ||
Structure
View the structure of the Twins animation without thumbnails:
- TWINS
Animated scheme - 1) Dizygotic twins
- Reduction of magnification
- 2) Monozygotic twins
a) Splitting at the stage of
two blastomeres
- b) Splitting at the stage of
the early embryoblast
2) Monozygotic twins
- 2) Monozygotic twins
c) Splitting at the bilaminar
germ disc stage
- Summary
- SOME MALFORMATIONS
The vanishing twin
Twin transfusion syndrome
Conjoined equal or symmetrical (Siamese) twins
Conjoined unequal or asymmetric twins
- THE END
RELATED TOPICS are covered in the following animations:
Amnion, Chromosomal anomalies, Cleavage, Cycles, Deciduae, Fertilization, Gametogenesis, Gastrulation, Implantation, Mesoderm, Placenta, Umbilical cord.
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- Amnion
- Aortic arches
- Blood and blood vessels
- Body cavities
- Central nervous system
- Chromosomal anomalies
- Cleavage
- Cloaca
- Cycles
- Deciduae
- Descent of sexual organs
- Diaphragm
- Digestive system
- Ear
- Embryology beginning
- Embryonic circulation
- Endochondral ossification
- Endocrine glands
- External genitalia
- Eye
- Face
- Fertilization
- Fetal circulation
- Gametogenesis
- Gastrulation
- Gonads
- Heart
- Implantation
- Integumentary system
- Kidney
- Liver
- Long bone growth in diameter
- Lymphatic system
- Membranous ossification
- Mesoderm
- Myogenesis
- Nerve fibres
- Notochord
- Olfactory
- Pancreas
- Pericardial reflexions
- Pharyngeal arches
- Placenta
- Prostate
- Respiratory system
- Secondary ossification
- Sex differentiation
- Skeleton
- Somites
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Twins
- Umbilical cord
- Urinary bladder
- Uterus during pregnancy
- Veins