Secondary ossification
Summary
Description
The animation of secondary ossification and internal bone remodeling begins with secondary ossification. The first diagram presents a long bone of a newborn that is cut into two halves from which one is removed. The diagram shows the periostal bony band (i.e. future compact bone) and bone trabeculae (i.e. future cancellous bone). Next, a piece of the periosteal bony band is cut out and observed under high magnification.... (more)
The animation of secondary ossification and internal bone remodeling begins with secondary ossification. The first diagram presents a long bone of a newborn that is cut into two halves from which one is removed. The diagram shows the periostal bony band (i.e. future compact bone) and bone trabeculae (i.e. future cancellous bone). Next, a piece of the periosteal bony band is cut out and observed under high magnification. The diagram shows a cuboidal piece of the immature bone cube, whose anterior surface is pierced by three vascular channels composed of blood vessels and perivascular spaces. On the other end of the bone, a short vascular channel containing two osteoblasts on the tip of the blood vessel is cut longitudinally.
The next sequence shows the formation of primary osteons. The same diagram is used as the first diagram for the next sequence. The growth of the longitudinally cut vascular channel is animated in parallel with the formation of the resorption cavity along the blood vessel by the osteolytic activity of the osteoclasts and a multinuclear structure at the tip of the blood vessel. The animation continues with the instreaming of osteoblasts into the resorption cavity, which fixes to its wall. The next sequence shows the appearance of the resorption cavity (i.e. vascular channel) at the anterior surface of the bone piece. Instreaming osteoblasts form concentric superposed bone lamellae within the resorption cavity, thus narrowing its diameter, while the osteoclasts continue to resorb the immature bone. The following sequence animates the persistent instreaming of osteoblasts into the resorption cavity and the formation of concentric lamellae around the blood vessel. A primary osteon forms with a Haversian canal and a blood vessel in its centre. Meanwhile, the osteoblasts gradually differentiate into osteocytes.
The next sequence rotates the cuboidal piece of immature bone so that only its anterior surface is visible. One half of the primary osteon and three vascular channels can be seen. The animation continues with the formation of the next primary osteon, now viewed in profile. In the perivascular space, monocytes fuse to form osteoclasts that erode the resorption cavity. Osteoblasts affix to the wall of this cavity and create concentric bone lamellae, thus reducing the diameter of the resorption cavity. In this manner, a new primary osteon forms within the immature bone. The next sequences repeat the above-mentioned events twice. The final result is primary osteons in the immature bone. To shorten this chapter, new primary osteons are added without animation of the immature bone.
The animations continue with the erosion of the existing primary osteons to form the secondary osteons. To avoid repetition, the new secondary osteons are added without animation of the osteons up to the complete disappearance of the immature bone. The sequence ends with the formation of the mature or lamellar bone.
The next sequence demonstrates the appearance of the Volkmann's canals, whose development is simultaneous with that of the osteons but whose formation is shown later to simplify the animation.
The chapter dedicated to internal bone remodeling starts with the last diagram of the past sequence. The osteoclasts resorb the existing secondary osteons, and the interstitial bone lamellae appear. Then, to reduce the number of sequences, the new osteons are added without animation. Thus, the last diagram illustrates the histologic structure of the mature or lamellar bone.
Finally, an animated diagram summarizes the results of membranous or direct ossification and endochondral or indirect ossification up to internal bone remodeling.
(This animation is essential for students of medicine, veterinary medicine, stomatology, and biology as well as for departments of anatomy, histology, embryology and cell biology; it is also recommended for departments and clinics of pathology, pediatrics, orthopedics, kinesitherapy, and maxillofacial, orthopedic, and plastic surgery.)
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Details
15.2MB in size
557 pictures
5 chapters
34 legend panels
Version 1.0
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| All of Embryodynamics (56 animations) | $599.00 | |
| Amnion, Aortic arches, Blood and blood vessels, Body cavities, Central nervous system, Chromosomal anomalies, Cleavage, Cloaca, Cycles, Deciduae, Descent of sexual organs, Diaphragm, Digestive system, Ear, Embryology beginning, Embryonic circulation, Endochondral ossification, Endocrine glands, External genitalia, Eye, Face, Fertilization, Fetal circulation, Gametogenesis, Gastrulation, Gonads, Heart, Implantation, Integumentary system, Kidney, Liver, Long bone growth in diameter, Lymphatic system, Membranous ossification, Mesoderm, Myogenesis, Nerve fibres, Notochord, Olfactory, Pancreas, Pericardial reflexions, Pharyngeal arches, Placenta, Prostate, Respiratory system, Secondary ossification, Sex differentiation, Skeleton, Somites, Teeth, Tongue, Twins, Umbilical cord, Urinary bladder, Uterus during pregnancy, Veins | ||
Structure
View the structure of the Secondary ossification animation without thumbnails:
- SECONDARY OSSIFICATION AND INTERNAL BONE REMODELLING
Animated scheme
- Formation of primary osteons
- Formation of secondary osteons
- Internal bone remodeling
- Summary
- THE END
RELATED TOPICS are covered in the following animations:
Direct ossification, Endochondral ossification, Long bone,
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